Purpose: The purpose of this study is applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to estimate technical coefficients of activities, which is suitable for foresight regional economy index by employing experts’ opinion. Regional economic foresight requires appraising all dimensions of development indices. World complex conditions demand adequate information and tools to rational development planning. In situation that rapid changes in political and social economic structure happen in short term, applying retrospective and static tools create enormous error on foresight. Method: This research has applied mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method. In this regards, technical coefficient table for Qazvin was developed through regular meeting with related administrations and stakeholder organizations in combination with country and provincial data. Findings: The research outcomes pointed out that applying AHP will reduce costs and time in compare with existing methods. Conclusion: Economic analyses based on Input-Output table have many benefits which make attraction for researchers, especially on general equilibrium Model. In the other hand, those table will not afford in provincial level as preparing data and information for them is cost and time consuming. This research has been solve that problem.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation Models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The Model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to Model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed Model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the Model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) Model for natural language. The proposed Model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed Model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed Model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this Model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed Model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this Model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed Model are compared with one of the most important related works.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a Model for designing the resilience Model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Background and Aim: Job enrichment is a method that has been used to increase employee satisfaction and work motivation. The Hackman and Oldham job characteristics Model (1976) has served as the foundation for many job enrichment efforts. In particular, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the study of the job characteristics-job satisfaction relations. Te purpose of this study was to statistically determine the relation between job characteristics and job satisfaction among employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2007. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one, including 6 TUMS-affiliated hospitals-Emam, Shariati, Baharlo, Ziaeian, Madaen and Azadi. The sample size was 400, consisting of 200 administrative employees (50%), 151 nurses (38%) and 49 physicians (12%). The random sampling and stratified proportional sampling methods were used to select the hospitals and interviewees, respectively. Two questionnaires were developed and used to identify job characteristics and job satisfaction: 1) job diagnostics surveys (JDS) and 2) Hertzberg's job satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaires was ascertained by test-retest using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.88). Linear-by-linear association and ordinal logistics regression analysis were used for analyzing the data gathered.Results:The relations between the Motivational Potential Score (MPS) and job characteristics (except for feedback) with job satisfaction were statistically significant (p<0.05). Task identity was the most effective determinant of job satisfaction. Conclusion: It appears that all the job characteristics (except feedback) are important determinants of job satisfaction of the hospital employees. Although the work environment is in need of restructuring, it is important to note, from a positive perspective, that the job characteristics discussed in this study are readily amenable to change job satisfaction at the organizational level.

Introduction: The problem of water shortage has caused countries to pay attention to the water used in the production of products and their other advantages in the production of goods and services. This has to do with the water consumed in the production of imported or exported products. Although most of this water generally remains in the producer country, it is required in production processes. This paper seeks to calculate the amount of direct and indirect water consumed in the exported goods and service production in Iran. In addition, the amount of water saved on the imported products for intermediate and final uses is calculated. Methodology: An Input-Output Model is developed to measure the direct and indirect virtual water that is required for exported and imported products. The latest survey based on the Input-Output table of Iran for the year 2016 is employed as the database of the research. The rest of the data are obtained from the statistical yearbook of the country for the year 2016. Results and Discussion: The symmetrical Input-Output table of Iran for the year 2016 has been prepared for 89 activities. This table was the basis for the research calculations. According to the results, the total imported commodities of the country were over 2662. 56 trillion Rials, whereas the total export of the country in 2016 was 3008. 85 trillion Rials. Thus, the trade balance of the country was 366. 29 trillion Rials. About half of the imported goods and services were consumed as intermediate demand, and the other half were final demand. The majority of the imports consisted of the products used for the production of machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere in the amount of 254. 5 trillion, which was 9. 6% of the country's total imports in the year 2016. In contrast, the extraction of crude oil and natural gas was in the first place with the value of 1280. 05 trillion Rials, which constituted 42. 54% of the country's exports in this year. In addition, according to the results, the virtual water export of the country in 2016 was 8514. 59 million cubic meters, compared to the country's virtual water import of 15062. 83 million cubic meters in the year. So, the country's trade balance of virtual water in this year was-6548. 24 cubic meters, which leads the country to be a net importer of virtual water. It is notable that, in contrast to the positive trade balance, the balance of the virtual water trade was negative. To investigate this circumstance, one should note that the production of 353. 4 thousand Rials worth of exported products needed one cubic meter of water. However, the country was exempted from one cubic meter of water for 176. 8 thousand Rials worth of imported products. On the other hand, the country attempted to import products that need more water in contrast to export products that need less one. So, the imported products of the country were about two times more water-intensive than the exported ones. Based on the calculations, due to the high correlation between the direct water coefficient of the activities and their water multipliers, the correlation coefficient of these two indicators was 0. 95. Meanwhile, the activity of agricultural and garden crops, with the highest direct coefficient of water intensity, had the highest multipliers of water intensity as well. Thus, despite the export not achieving the first rank, the import and trade balance ranked first by a long distance among 89 production activities in 2016. The correlation coefficient of the virtual water multipliers of the sectors with the value of their exports and imports were-0. 05 and 0. 12, respectively. Thus, in the sectors where the multipliers of water are higher, there was relatively less export, whereas the products of these sectors were relatively more imported. The lower multipliers indicate that other factors have also been involved to determine the amount of exports and imports. Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, the water intensity of products was relatively considered in the foreign trade of Iran. So, the imported products need two times more virtual water compared to the exported ones. As a result, in contrast to the positive trade balance of the country, there was a negative virtual water balance. However, due to the attention paid to other factors in the foreign trade, the correlation coefficient between the virtual water multipliers of the sectors with the value of their exports and imports is small. In addition, some activities deal with water in nature. As a result, they have high water multipliers. According to this characteristic, along with the promotion of water efficiency in production processes, it is necessary to avoid exporting products with high water multipliers as well as importing these products.

One of the factors affecting production and subsequent labor demand in different sectors is the change in the final demand of the sectors. Among the components of final demand, the demand of households constitutes a major part. Therefore, it can have a major effect on the production and employment of sectors. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the structure and volume of household consumption in different income groups on changes in employment in different economic sectors using the Input-Output Model between 2011 and 2016. The results of this study showed that the change in total consumption in the first-and second-income groups has increased the total employment of the economy, but the change in total consumption in the top three income groups has reduced the total employment in the economy. On the other hand, changes in the consumption level of all income groups have increased the employment of the whole economy. Also, the change in the composition or structure of consumption in all income groups has reduced the employment of the whole economy.